家庭视力测试

定义

家庭视力测试 measure the ability to see fine detail.

选择的名字

Visual acuity test - home; Amsler grid test

如何执行测试

There are 3 vision tests that can be done at home: Amsler grid, 距离视力, 近视力测试.

阿姆斯勒栅格试验

这个测试有助于检测 黄斑变性. This is a disease that causes blurred vision, distorted vision, or blank spots in the vision. If you normally wear glasses for reading, wear them for this test. If you wear bifocals, look through the bottom reading portion.

Do the test with each eye separately, first the right and then the left. Hold the test grid right in front of you, 14 inches (35 centimeters) away from your eye. Look at the dot in the center of the grid, not at the grid pattern.

While looking at the dot, you will see the rest of the grid in your peripheral vision. All the lines, both vertical and horizontal, should appear straight and unbroken. They should meet at all the crossing points with no missing areas. If any lines appear distorted or broken, note their location on the grid using a pen or pencil.

距离视力

This is the standard eye chart that doctors use, it has been adapted for home use.

图表贴在与眼睛齐平的墙上. 站在离图表10英尺(3米)的地方. If you wear glasses or contact lenses for 距离视力, wear them for the test.

Check each eye separately, first the right and then the left. Keep both eyes open and cover one eye with the palm of the hand.

阅读图表, beginning with the top line and moving down the lines until it is too difficult to read the letters. Record the number of the smallest line that you know you read correctly. 换另一只眼睛重复.

附近的愿景

这与上面的远视测试类似, but the near vision test card is held only 14 inches (35 centimeters) away. If you wear glasses for reading, wear them for the test.

Hold the card about 14 inches (35 centimeters) from your eyes. 不要再把卡片拿近了. 阅读图表 using each eye separately as described above. Record the size of the smallest line you were able to accurately read.

最近, smartphone apps have become available that can measure your vision and even produce a prescription. Most of these apps require an additional device to attach to your phone. Be sure to verify their accuracy before relying on them.

如何准备考试

You need a well-lit area at least 10 feet (3 meters) long for the 距离视力 test, 下面是:

• 卷尺或码尺
• 眼图
• 用胶带或大头钉把视力表挂在墙上
• 记录结果的铅笔
• 另一个人帮助(如果可能的话), since they can stand close to the chart and tell you if you read the letters correctly

The vision chart needs to be tacked to the wall at eye level. Mark the floor with a piece of tape exactly 10 feet (3 meters) from the chart on the wall.

考试的感觉如何

检查不会引起不适.

为什么要进行测试

Your vision may change gradually without you being aware of it.

家庭视力测试可以帮助检测眼睛 视力问题 早期. 家庭视力测试 should be performed under the direction of your health care provider to detect changes that may occur between eye exams. 它们不能代替专业的眼科检查.

People who are at risk of developing 黄斑变性 may be told by their ophthalmologist to perform the Amsler grid test more often. It is best to do this test not more often than once a week. Macular degeneration changes are gradual, and you can miss them if you test daily.

正常的结果

每项测试的正常结果如下:

• Amsler grid test: All lines appear straight and unbroken with no distorted or missing areas.
• Distance vision test: All letters on the 20/20 line read correctly.
• Near vision test: You are able to read the line labeled 20/20 or J-1.

异常结果意味着什么

Abnormal results may mean you have a vision problem or eye disease and you should have a professional eye examination.

• Amsler grid test: If the grid appears distorted or broken, there may be a problem with the 视网膜.
• Distance vision test: If you do not read the 20/20 line correctly, it may be a sign of 近视 (近视) 远视 (远视), 散光或其他眼部异常.
• Near vision test: Not being able to read the small type may be a sign of aging vision (老花眼).

风险

测试没有风险.

注意事项

If you have any of the following symptoms, get a professional eye examination:

• 难以聚焦于附近的物体
• 复视
• 眼睛疼痛
• Feeling like there is a "skin" or "film" over the eye or eyes
• 闪光、黑点或鬼影
• 物体或面孔看起来模糊或模糊
• 彩虹色的环围绕着灯
• 直线看起来像波浪
• Trouble seeing at night, trouble adjusting to darkened rooms

如果孩子有以下任何症状, 他们还应该进行专业的眼科检查:

• 交叉眼
• 在学校的困难
• 过度的闪烁
• Getting very close to an object (for example, the television) to see it
• 头倾斜
• 眯着眼看
• 水汪汪的眼睛

参考文献

查克RS, 邓恩SP, Flaxel CJ; American Academy of 眼科学 Preferred Practice Pattern Committee, 等. Comprehensive adult medical eye evaluation preferred practice pattern. 眼科学. 2021;128(1):1-29. www.aaojournal.org/article/s0161 - 6420(20) 31026 - 5 /全文. 2020年11月12日发布. 于2023年4月5日发布.

Prokopich CL, Hrynchak P, Flanagan JG, Hynes AF, Chisholm C. 眼部健康评估. In: Elliott DB, ed. 初级眼保健的临床程序. 5日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 7.